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Alcide De Gasperi
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Alcide De Gasperi | |
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| In office December 10, 1945 – August 2, 1953 |
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| President | Himself Enrico De Nicola Luigi Einaudi |
| Monarch | Victor Emmanuel III Umberto II Until June 12, 1946 |
| Preceded by | Ferruccio Parri |
| Succeeded by | Giuseppe Pella |
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| In office December 12, 1944 – October 10, 1946 |
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| Prime Minister | Ivanoe Bonomi Ferruccio Parri Himself |
| Preceded by | Ivanoe Bonomi |
| Succeeded by | Pietro Nenni |
| In office July 26, 1951 – August 2, 1953 |
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| Prime Minister | Himself |
| Preceded by | Carlo Sforza |
| Succeeded by | Giuseppe Pella |
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| In office July 13, 1946 – January 28, 1947 |
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| Prime Minister | Himself |
| Preceded by | Giuseppe Romita |
| Succeeded by | Mario Scelba |
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| In office 1954 – August 19, 1954 |
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| Preceded by | Paul Henri Spaak |
| Succeeded by | Giuseppe Pella |
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| Born | 3 April 1881 Trentino, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | 19 August 1954 (aged 73) Passo Sella, Italy |
| Nationality | Italian |
| Political party | Christian Democracy |
| Spouse | Francesca Romani |
| Children | Maria Romana De Gasperi other 3 daughters |
| Alma mater | University of Vienna |
| Religion | Roman Catholic |
Alcide De Gasperi (3 April 1881 – 19 August 1954) was an Italian statesman and politician. He is considered to be one of the Founding fathers of the European Union, along with the Frenchman Robert Schuman and the German Konrad Adenauer.
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De Gasperi was born in Pieve Tesino in Trentino, at that time belonging to Austria-Hungary, now part of the Province of Trento in Italy.
He studied philosophy and literature in Vienna and afterward became a journalist. In 1911 he became a Member of Parliament in the Austrian Reichsrat. His home region was transferred to Italy after the First World War. In 1919 he was one of the founders, with Don Luigi Sturzo, of the Italian Popular Party, or Partito Popolare; starting in 1921 he was an MP for the party. He later became party leader and Secretary-General.
De Gasperi served a 16-month jail sentence as an anti-fascist. After his release in 1931 he worked in the library of the Vatican; there, in 1943, during the Second World War, he organized the establishment of the first (and at the time, illegal) Christian Democracy party, or Democrazia Cristiana, drawing upon the ideology of the Popular Party. From 1945 to 1953 he was the prime minister of eight successive Christian Democratic governments. His eight-year rule remains a landmark of political longevity for one leader in modern Italian politics.
In 1946, when Italy became a Republic, he was elected Capo Provvisorio dello Stato (Provisional Head of State) Pro-Tempore and Regnante Reggente. He is the only man to have become President of the Council, Republic and Regent.
In 1952 he received the Karlspreis (engl.: International Charlemagne Prize of the City of Aachen), an Award by the German city of Aachen to people who contributed to the European idea and European peace. That same year he vetoed a coalition with former fascists and monarchists for the city of Rome elections advocated by some ecclesiastical circles (the so-called operazione Sturzo); Democrazia Cristiana won, but the governmental block lost some 11%. Subsequently, Pope Pius XII denied him audience, which he accepted as a Catholic but protesting as Italian Prime Minister and Foreign Minister. In that famous letter, he wrote to the Pope: «As a christian I accept the humiliation, although I don't know how justify it; but as President of the Council (Prime minister) and Foreign Minister, the dignity and authority which I represent and of whom I cannot deprive myself even in my private relationships, imposes me to express my amazement».
De Gasperi died in Sella di Valsugana, in Trentino. He is buried in the Basilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura, a basilica in Rome.
- Man from the Mountains, biography in Time Magazine, May 25, 1953
- Pietro Scoppola, La proposta politica di De Gasperi, Bologna, Il Mulino, 1977.
- Giulio Andreotti, Intervista su De Gasperi; a cura di Antonio Gambino, Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1977.
- Giulio Andreotti, De Gasperi visto da vicino, Milano, Rizzoli, 1986.
- Nico Perrone, De Gasperi e l'America, Palermo, Sellerio, 1995.
- Alcide De Gasperi: un percorso europeo, a cura di Eckart Conze, Gustavo Corni, Paolo Pombeni, Bologna, Il mulino, 2004.
- Piero Craveri, De Gasperi, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2006
- Alcide De Gasperi - one of the EU's founding fathers Page from the Italian presidency of the EU showing how Alcide De Gasperi fits into the European Union history.
 Alcide De Gasperi burial in San Lorenzo Basilica, Rome |
 Monument to Alcide De Gasperi in Trento |
| Political offices | ||
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| Preceded by Ivanoe Bonomi |
Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs 1944–1946 |
Succeeded by Pietro Nenni |
| Preceded by Ferruccio Parri |
Prime Minister of Italy 1945–1953 |
Succeeded by Giuseppe Pella |
| Preceded by Giuseppe Romita |
Italian Minister of the Interior 1946–1947 |
Succeeded by Mario Scelba |
| Preceded by Carlo Sforza |
Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs 1951–1953 |
Succeeded by Giuseppe Pella |
| Preceded by Paul Henri Spaak |
President of the European Parliament 1954 |
Succeeded by Giuseppe Pella |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by none |
Secretary of the Italian Christian Democracy 1944-1946 |
Succeeded by Attilio Piccioni |
| Preceded by Guido Gonella |
Secretary of the Italian Christian Democracy 1953-1954 |
Succeeded by Arnaldo Forlani |
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| Kingdom of Italy |
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| Italian Republic |
De Gasperi · Pella · Fanfani · Scelba · Segni · Zoli · Fanfani · Segni · Tambroni · Fanfani · Leone · Moro · Leone · Rumor · Colombo · Andreotti · Rumor · Moro · Andreotti · Cossiga · Forlani · Spadolini · Fanfani · Craxi · Fanfani · Goria · De Mita · Andreotti · Amato · Ciampi · Berlusconi · Dini · Prodi · D'Alema · Amato · Berlusconi · Prodi |
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| Alcide De Gasperi · Atillio Piccioni · Giuseppe Cappi · Paolo Emilio Taviani · Guido Gonella · Alcide De Gasperi · Amintore Fanfani · Aldo Moro · Mariano Rumor · Flaminio Piccoli · Arnaldo Forlani · Amintore Fanfani · Benigno Zaccagnini · Flaminio Piccoli · Ciriaco De Mita · Arnaldo Forlani · Mino Martinazzoli |
 Presidents of the European Parliament |
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| Common Assembly (1952–1958) | Paul-Henri Spaak · Alcide De Gasperi · Giuseppe Pella · Hans Furler |
| Parliamentary Assembly (1958–1962) | Robert Schuman · Hans Furler |
| Appointed Parliament (1962–1979) | Gaetano Martino · Jean Duvieusart · Victor Leemans · Alain Poher · Mario Scelba · Walter Behrendt · Cornelis Berkhouwer · Georges Spénale · Emilio Colombo |
| European Parliament (1979–present) | Simone Veil · Piet Dankert · Pierre Pflimlin · Henry Plumb · Enrique Barón · Egon Klepsch · Klaus Hänsch · José María Gil-Robles · Nicole Fontaine · Pat Cox · Josep Borrell · Hans-Gert Pöttering |
Categories: 1881 births | 1954 deaths | Italian journalists | Italian Ministers of Foreign Affairs | Italian Ministers of the Interior | Members of Democrazia Cristiana | People from Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol | Presidents of the European Parliament | Italian diplomats | Italian Roman Catholics | Prime Ministers of Italy | Cold War leaders | Karlspreis Recipients | Italian anti-communists