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Amasya Circular
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Amasya Circular (Turkish: Amasya Genelgesi or Amasya Tamimi) was a joint circular issued on 22 June 1919 in Amasya by Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Rauf Orbay, Refet Bele and Ali Fuat Cebesoy, also approved by Kazım Karabekir based in Erzurum, that is considered as the first written document putting the Turkish War of Independence in motion.
The circular, distributed across Anatolia, declared Turkey's independence and integrity to be in danger and called for a national conference to be held in Sivas (Sivas Congress) and before that, for a preparatory congress comprising representatives from the eastern provinces of Anatolia to be held in Erzurum in July (Erzurum Congress).
Amasya Circular is not to be confused with Amasya Protocol, signed on 22 October 1919 in the same city just after Sivas Congress between Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Rauf Orbay and Bekir Sami Bey on the one side, in their title of Delegation of Representatives (Heyeti Temsiliye) as attributed by the Sivas Congress, and the Ottoman Minister of Marine (later grand vizier himself) Hulusi Salih Pasha who had come to Amasya to represent the short-lived Ottoman government of Ali Rıza Pasha on the other side. Amasya Protocol was a memorandum of understanding between the Ottoman government in İstanbul and the Turkish revolutionaries aimed at seeking ways to preserve national independence and unity through joint efforts. It also signified a recognition by the Ottoman government of the rising Turkish revolutionary forces in Anatolia.
- Turkish revolutionaries
- Turkish national movement
- Turkish War of Independence
- Establishment of the Turkish national movement
- Chronology of the Turkish War of Independence
- Erzurum Congress
- Sivas Congress