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Habibullah Khan
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| Reign | October 1, 1901 - February 20, 1919 |
| Predecessor | Abdur Rahman Khan |
| Successor | Amanullah Khan |
| Dynasty | Barakzai |
| Father | Abdur Rahman Khan |
| Mother | Asal Begum, Uzbek consort |
| Born | 1872 Tashkent, Turkistan |
| Died | February 20, 1919 Kalagosh, Afghanistan |
Habibullah Khan GCB, GCMG (1872 – February 20, 1919) was the Emir of Afghanistan from 1901 until 1919. He was born in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, the eldest son of the Emir Abdur Rahman Khan, whom he succeeded by right of primogeniture in October 1901.
Habibullah was a relatively secular, reform-minded ruler who attempted to modernize his country. During his reign he worked to bring Western medicine and other technology to Afghanistan. In 1904, Habibullah founded the Habibia school as well as a military academy. He also worked to put in place progressive reforms in his country. He instituted various legal reforms and repealed many of the harshest criminal penalties. But one of his chief advisors Abdul Lateef was sentenced to death in 1902 for apostacy. He was stoned to death in Kabul. Other reforms included the dismantling of the repressive internal intelligence organization that had been put in place by his father.
He strictly maintained the country's neutrality in World War I, despite strenuous efforts by the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, spiritual ruler of Islam, to enlist Afghanistan on its side. He also greatly reduced tensions with India, signing a treaty of friendship in 1905 and paying an official state visit in 1907.
Habibullah was assassinated while on a hunting trip at Laghman on February 20, 1919.[1]
- ^ Islam and Politics in Afghanistan, Olesen, page 101
| Preceded by Abdur Rahman Khan |
Emir of Afghanistan 1901 – 1919 |
Succeeded by Amanullah Khan |
Categories: Articles lacking sources from September 2006 | All articles lacking sources | Biography articles needing expert attention | Articles needing expert attention | 1872 births | 1919 deaths | Emirs of Afghanistan | Afghan monarchs | Assassinated monarchs | Assassinated Afghan politicians | Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath | Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George | Deaths by firearm in Afghanistan | Pashtun people