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Lisbon Strategy
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The Lisbon Strategy, also known as the Lisbon Agenda or Lisbon Process, is an action and development plan for the European Union. It was set out by the European Council in Lisbon on March 2000.
Preparation was carried out in relation with the broader reaching Council of Europe, the international organization of the "wider Europe", which also has charge of education in Europe.
Between April and November 2004, Wim Kok headed up a review of the program and presented a report on the Lisbon strategy suggesting how to give new impetus to the process.
The review group consisted of 12 individuals representing different Stakeholder groups. Among these are Anne-Marie Idrac, chair of RATP, the Paris public transport system, and a former Transport Minister; Will Hutton, governor of the London School of Economics and chief executive of the Work Foundation; and Niall Fitzgerald, chair of Unilever and co-chair of the Transatlantic Business Dialogue, a lobby organisation criticized for representing US-American interests in Europe.
One of the main conclusion of the Kok report was that "the promotion of growth and employment in Europe is the next great European project". [1]
The European Commission used this report as a basis for its proposal in February 2005 to refocus the Lisbon Agenda on actions that promote growth and jobs in a manner that is fully consistent with the objective of sustainable development. The Commission's report stated that "making growth and jobs the immediate target goes hand in hand with promoting social or environmental objectives." [2]
In its resolution on the mid-term review of the Lisbon strategy in March 2005, the European Parliament expressed its belief that "sustainable growth and employment are Europe's most pressing goals and underpin social and environmental progress" and "that well-designed social and environmental policies are themselves key elements in strengthening Europe's economic performance". [3]
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The Lisbon Strategy intends to deal with the low productivity and stagnation of economic growth in the EU, through the formulation of various policy initiatives to be taken by all EU member states. The broader objectives set out by the Lisbon strategy are to be attained by 2010.
It was adopted for a ten-year period in 2000 in Lisbon, Portugal by the European Council. It broadly aims to "make Europe, by 2010, the most competitive and the most dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world".
The main fields are economic, social, and environmental renewal and sustainability. The Lisbon Strategy is heavily based on the economic concepts of:
- Innovation as the motor for economic change (based on the writings of Joseph Schumpeter)
- The "learning economy"
- Social and environmental renewal
Under the strategy, a stronger economy will create employment in the EU, alongside inclusive social and environmental policies, which will themselves drive economic growth even further.
An EU research group found in 2005 that current progress had been judged "unconvincing", so a reform process was introduced wherein all goals would be reviewed every three years, with assistance provided on failing items.
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Contemporary key thinkers on whose works the Lisbon Strategy is based and/or who were involved in its creation include Maria João Rodrigues, Christopher Freeman, Bengt-Ake Lundvall, Luc Soete, Carlota Perez, Manuel Castells, Giovanni Dosi, and Richard Nelson.
Key concepts of the Lisbon Strategy include those of the Knowledge Economy, Innovation, Techno-Economic Paradigms, Technology Governance, and the "Open Method" of Coordination (OMC).
- Maria Joao Rodrigues (2003), European Policies for a Knowledge Economy, Edward Elgar.
- ^ European Union web site, Facing The Challenge. The Lisbon strategy for growth and employment. Report from the High Level Group chaired by Wim Kok, November 2004, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, ISBN 92-894-7054-2, (the Kok report).
- ^ European Union web site, The Commission's report.
- ^ European Parliament web site, [1]
- Community patent
- Sapir Report
- Economy of the European Union
- Knowledge triangle
- European Institute of Technology (EIT)
- European Trade Union Confederation, (ETUC update on the Lisbon strategy)
- Transatlantic Business Dialogue, which took part in the report for a new restart of the agenda
- Union of Industrial and Employers' Confederations of Europe (UNICE)
- Official EU summary on the Lisbon Strategy
- Official Website for the Lisbon Strategy
- Portuguese Official Website on the Lisbon Strategy
- Sapir, André (2003): An Agenda for a Growing Europe, Making the EU Economic System Deliver. Report of an Independent High-Level Study Group established on the initive of the President of the European Commission. [2] [3]