List of Holocaust survivors
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
There are many famous Holocaust survivors who survived the Nazi genocides in Europe and went on to achievements of great fame and notability. Those listed here were, at the very least, residents of the parts of Europe occupied by the Axis powers during World War II who survived until the end of the Holocaust (and the war). The majority of these people survived incarceration in the Nazi concentration camps, but that is not strictly necessary for the purposes of this list.
In addition to the victims of the Holocaust who perished under the unbelievably inhumane atrocities committed by the Germans and their collaborators during 1933-45, it is the living victims who are referred to as "Holocaust Survivors." It is important to understand which persons are generally considered a "Holocaust Survivor."
The following sources venture to define the term "Holocaust Survivor:"
By Yad Vashem:
"Jews who survived the Holocaust period in Nazi-occupied Europe. It is obvious that Jews who managed to live through the mass exterminations carried out by the Nazis are 'Survivors.' However, sometimes the term Survivor also includes Jews who did not actually come into direct contact with the Nazi murder machine; some Jews fled Germany before the Nazis rose to national power, others escaped Germany after Adolf Hitler came to power but before he and the Nazis put the 'final solution' into effect, while others were persecuted not by the Nazis themselves, but by partners of the Nazis (in Nazi satellite countries or by Nazi collaborators). All of these are often considered to be 'Survivors,' as well"
By the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum:
"The Museum defines a survivor as a person who was displaced, persecuted, and/or discriminated against by the racial, religious, ethnic, social, and political polices of the Nazis and their allies. In addition to former inmates of concentration camps and ghettos this includes, among othes, refugees and people in hiding."
By The Holocaust Historiography Project:
"A Holocaust survivor will be defined as any Jew who lived in a country at the time when it was under Nazi regime, under Nazi occupation, or under regime of Nazi collaborators, as well as any Jew who fled due to the above regime or occupation."
By the Holocaust Global Registry:
"Who are survivors? All people who were persecuted during the years of Nazi terror (1933-45), and managed to survive by whatever means possible; all who suffered persecution because they were Jewish, and all who were labeled as Jews by those in power at that time; all adults and all children, including those who were hidden, or were adopted by concerned and righteous families; all those who were forced to leave their homes to escape persecution, and found safe haven elsewhere."
- Magda Herzberger, poet and author
- Aharon Appelfeld, novelist and poet
- Werner Barasch - author of "Survivor: Autobiographical Fragments 1938 - 1946"
- Marion Baumann-Parkurst - author of Searching Survivor and the answer I found
- Louis Begley (born 1933), U.S. lawyer and novelist
- Bruno Bettelheim (1903-1990) - writer and psychologist
- Thomas Blatt - writer
- Tadeusz Borowski (1922-51) - Polish author
- George Brady (Jiří Brady) - elder brother of Hana "Hanička" Bradová
- Paul Celan (1920-1970) - poet
- Yehiel De-Nur (1909-2001) - German Jewish writer
- Charlotte Delbo (1913-1985) - French writer
- David Faber - author of Because of Romek.
- Fania Fénelon - French singer, author of the book "Playing for Time" about her experiences in Birkenau
- Otto Frank - father of Anne Frank, publisher of her diary
- Viktor Frankl - Austrian psychiatrist and author of Man's Search for Meaning
- Roman Frister - Author of The Cap or the Price of a Life.
- Richard Glazar (1920-1997) - author of Trap With a Green Fence
- Fanya Heller - author of Love in a World of Sorrow
- Eugene Hollander - author of From the Hell of the Holocaust: A Survivor's Story
- Arek Hersh - Polish writer, author of A Message from History
- Alicia Appleman-Jurman - memoirist, writer of Alicia: My Story
- Imre Kertész - Nobel Prize-winning Hungarian author
- Gerda Weissmann Klein - author of All But My Life. The book was later used as a basis for One Survivor Remembers an Emmy and Academy Award winning documentary.
- Jerzy Kosiński (1933-1991) - novelist
- Robert Maxwell - media proprietor
- Arnulf Øverland (1889-1968)-, Norwegian poet, survived Sachsenhausen concentration camp
- Marcel Reich-Ranicki (born 1920), literary critic
- Vladek Spiegelman - subject of the Pulitzer Prize-winning book Maus
- Mike Staner - Writer
- Balys Sruoga - Lithuanian poet, playwright, critic
- Corrie Ten Boom-Author of The Hiding Place-died 1987.
- Stanislaw Hutyra - Polish gardener and miner. Born 1922 died 2000. Imprisoned in Dachau.
- Elie Wiesel - Nobel laureate author of Night, as well as Dawn and Day. Survived Birkenau, Auschwitz, and Buna before being liberated.
- Hannelore Wolf - author of 'I Will Plant You a Lilac Tree.Survived Lublin, Belzyce, Kraśnik, Budzyn, Wieliczka, Plaszow, Auschwitz-Birkenau and Brünnlitz before being liberated.
- Josephina Prinz- died in 2007
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- Karel Ančerl (1908-1973) - Czech conductor
- Bill Graham - rock impresario
- Olivier Messiaen - French composer
- Władysław Szpilman - pianist and composer
- Elsa Alvarado - Fashion Designer Born 1996 daughter of Otto Frank
- Emil Fackenheim - philosopher and theologian
- Yosef Goldman - author and scholar of Jewish American History.
- Władysław Tatarkiewicz - Polish philosopher
- Jean Wahl - French philosopher
- Alondra barranco Jewish singer
- Alexander Grothendieck - mathematician
- Władysław Ślebodziński (1884-1972) - Polish mathematician
- Mieczyslaw Birencwajg later Menakhem Ben-Yami (1926-...) Dr hc - Israeli fishing technologist and ecologist
- Liviu Librescu (1930-2007) - scientist and professor, died during the Virginia Tech Massacre while holding off the gunman to protect his students
- Victor Moritz Goldschmidt - chemist
- Walter Kohn - Nobel laureate in chemistry
- Primo Levi - chemist, Italian novelist
- Israel Shahak - chemist
- Bruno Touschek - Austrian physicist
- Georges Charpak - Nobel laureate in Physics
Ludwig Gross, M.D. Oncologist-Internist 1915-1996
- Jerzy Einhorn - medical doctor, researcher, politician
- Leo Eitinger - professor of psychiatry at University of Oslo, known mainly for his work on late-onset psychological trauma amongst Holocaust survivors
- Erna Furman - psycoanalyst, known mainly for her work on grief in children
- Eric Kandel - neurobiologist, Nobel laureate
- Daniel Kahneman - psychologist, Nobel laureate
- David Katz - psychologist
- Henry Morgentaler - doctor and abortion activist, now lives in Canada
- Karl Targownik - psychiatrist
- Michel Thomas -- linguist, language-teacher, American CIC Agent, awarded Silver Star in 2004
- Isidoro Franco Vabani - (1896-1976) optometrist[citation needed].
- Jacob Avigdor - orthodox rabbi and author
- Leo Baeck (1873-1956) - rabbi, a leader of progressive Judaism
- Leopold Engleitner - Jehovah's Witness, religious speaker
- Franciszek Gajowniczek - Polish soldier whose life was spared by the sacrifice of Saint Maximilian Kolbe.
- Adam Cardinal Kozłowiecki - Polish cardinal
- Max Friediger - Chief Rabbi of Denmark. Deported October 2, 1943 to Theresienstadt.
- Yisrael Meir Lau - former Ashkenazic Chief Rabbi of Israel
- Jean-Marie Lustiger - Roman Catholic archbishop
- Sigmund Sobolewski - Polish Roman Catholic internee at Auschwitz, subject of the book Prisoner 88: The Man in Stripes.
- Joel Teitelbaum - Satmar rebbi
- David Weiss Halivni - rabbi, Talmudist
- Chaim Michael Dov Weissmandl - rabbi
- Ernst Wiechert - Catholic writer
- Władysław Bartoszewski, politician and journalist
- Léon Blum (1872-1950) - French socialist leader and Prime Minister (his brother, René, was killed)
- Trygve Bratteli - "Nacht und Nebel" prisoner, (including at Sachsenhausen concentration camp), later Prime Minister of Norway
- Józef Cyrankiewicz - a Polish communist political figure, premier, and Head of State
- Ludwig Draxler, Austrian politician
- Einar Gerhardsen (1897-1987) - survived Sachsenhausen concentration camp, became Prime Minister of Norway
- Kurt Julius Goldstein - XI International Brigade, Buchenwald resister. writer and author.
- Anna Heilman, conspirator in plot to blow up Auschwitz Crematorium IV, author of Never Far Away: The Auschwitz Chronicles of Anna Heilman
- Zofia Kossak-Szczucka - Polish writer and resistance fighter, a founder of Żegota antifascist underground
- Tom Lantos - Hungarian-born American politician
- Paul Löbe - politician
- Martin Nielsen (1900-1962) - member of the Danish parliament for the Communist Party of Denmark. Survived 15 months in Stutthof and 6 weeks of ensuing death march.
- Kurt Schumacher (1895-1952) - former leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany
- Ota Šik - economist and politician
- Simon Srebnik - one of the two survivors of Chelmno
- Corrie ten Boom - Dutch Christian who was arrested with her family and sent to Ravensbrück concentration camp for harboring Jews
- Simone Veil - French politician
- Rudolf Vrba - escaped from Auschwitz with Alfred Wetzler and gave the first detailed report about the workings of the camp.
- Jack Tramiel - entrepreneur who survived to start Commodore Business Machines
- Elie Wiesel - author (particularly of Night) and political activist
- Alfred Wetzler - escaped from Auschwitz with Rudolf Vrba and gave the first detailed report about the workings of the camp.
- Philip Bialowitz- Sobibor escape participant; Holocaust speaker
- Marion Blumenthal Lazan- speaker and writer
- Hans Frankenthal - author and activist
- Nesse Godin - Lithuanian speaker and teacher about the Holocaust
- Karl Gorath - German homosexual imprisoned at Auschwitz
- Elly Gotz - educational speaker
- Leon Greenman - anti-fascism campaigner
- Kitty Hart-Moxon - Writer and Holocaust educator
- William Herskovic - Holocaust hero, philanthropist, Bel Air Camera founder
- Miklos Kanitz
- Serge and Beate Klarsfeld
- Henryk Mandelbaum - concentration camp rebel and escapee
- Jack Mandelbaum
- Solomon Perel - mistaken for a German gentile and inducted in Hitler Youth, author of memoir Europa, Europa
- Poldek Pfefferberg
- Josef Rosensaft - business executive and leader of Holocaust survivors
- Pierre Seel - homosexual speaker
- Sigmund Sobolewski - Polish Catholic anti-fascist campaigner against Holocaust denial
- Paul Spiegel - president of Germany's Central Council of Jews
- Eddy Wynschenk - Holocaust speaker
- Carla Hidden Jewish child during war and Holocaust
- Tuviah Friedman - Nazi hunter
- Witold Pilecki - Polish soldier, founder of the resistance movement
- Tibor Rubin - Hungarian-born, American Congressional Medal of Honor
- David Shaltiel - district commander of the Haganah in Jerusalem during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war
- Simon Wiesenthal - worked to capture Nazi war criminals and founded the Simon Wiesenthal Center
- Bjørn Egge - Norwegian POW, survived Sachsenhausen concentration camp, later general in the Norwegian Army and President of the Norwegian Red Cross.
Documentaries about Holocuast survivors:
- "Sustained Through Terrible Trials", as told by Éva Josefsson (June 1, 1998)
- "They Triumphed Over Persecution" - the life stories of Ádám Szinger and Frieda Jess (March 1, 2003)
- "Searching Survivor and the Answer I Found" - The amazing survival story of Marion Baumann-Parkhurst (April, 2007)