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Coordinates: 58°31′14″N, 31°16′30″E

The Millennium of Russia (1862): The upper row of figures is cast in the round and the lower one is in relief.

The Millennium of Russia is a famous bronze monument in the Kremlin of Novgorod, Russia. It was erected in 1862 to celebrate the millennium of Rurik's arrival to Novgorod, an event traditionally taken as a starting point of Russian history.

A competition to design the monument was held in 1859. An architect Viktor Hartmann and an artist Mikhail Mikeshin were declared the winners. Mikeshin's design called for a grandiose, 15-metre-high bell crowned by a cross symbolizing the tsar's power. The bell was to be encircled with several tiers of sculptures representing Russian monarchs, clerics, and courtiers active during various periods of Russian history.

Mikeshin himself was no sculptor, therefore the 129 individual statues for the monument were made by the leading Russian sculptors of the day, including his friend Ivan Schroeder and the celebrated Aleksandr Opekushin. Rather unexpectedly for such an official project, the tsars and commanders were represented side by side with sixteen eminent personalities of Russian culture: Lomonosov, Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol, Karl Brullov, Mikhail Glinka, etc.

The most expensive Russian monument up to that time, it was erected at a cost of 400,000 roubles, mostly raised by public subscription. In order to provide an appropriate pedestal for the huge sculpture, sixteen blocks of Sortavala granite were brought to Novgorod, each weighing in excess of 35 tons. The bronze monument itself weighs 65 tons.

At the time when the monument was inaugurated, many art critics felt that it was overloaded with figures. Yet Mikeshin's design is in harmony with medieval monuments of the Kremlin, subtly accentuating the vertical thrust and grandeur of the nearby 11th-century Saint Sophia Cathedral.

• (Russian) History and description on the website of the Novgorod administration