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Soviet ruble
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Soviet ruble Советский рубль (Russian) |
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| ISO 4217 Code | SUR | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| User(s) | Soviet Union | ||||
| Subunit | |||||
| 1/100 | kopek (копейка) | ||||
| Symbol | руб | ||||
| kopek (копейка) | к | ||||
| Plural | rublya (gen. sing.), rubley (gen. pl.) | ||||
| kopek (копейка) | kopeyki (gen. sing.), kopeyek (gen. pl.) | ||||
| Coins | 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 50 kopeks, 1, 5, 10 rubles | ||||
| Banknotes | 1, 3, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 rubles | ||||
| Central bank | State Bank of the Soviet Union | ||||
| Printer | Goznak | ||||
| Website | www.goznak.ru | ||||
| Mint | Goznak | ||||
| Website | www.goznak.ru | ||||
| This infobox shows the latest status before this currency was rendered obsolete. | |||||
| 3 kopeks 1981 | |
|---|---|
| Image:Soviet Union-1981-Coin-0.03 2.jpg | |
| Value | State emblem |
The ruble or rouble (Russian: рубль; see below for other Soviet languages) was the currency of the Soviet Union. One ruble is divided into 100 kopeks, kopecks, or copecks (Russian: копе́йка, plural копе́йки).
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The word "ruble" is derived from the Slavic verb рубить, rubit, i.e., to chop. Historically, "ruble" was a piece of a certain weight chopped off a silver ingot (grivna), hence the name.
The Soviet currency had its own name in all languages of the Soviet Union, sometimes quite different from its Russian designation. All banknotes had the currency name and their nominal printed in the languages of every Soviet Republic. This naming is preserved in modern Russia; for example: Tatar for ruble and kopek are sum and tien. The current names of several currencies of Central Asia are simply the local names of the ruble.
The name of the currency in the official languages of the 15 republics, in the order they appeared in the banknotes:
| Language | In local language | Transliteration | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ruble | kopek | ruble | kopek | |
| Russian | рубль | копейка | rubl’ | kopeika |
| Ukrainian | карбованець | копійка | karbovanets’ | kopiyka |
| Belarusian | рубель | капейка | rubyel’ | kapeika |
| Uzbek | сўм | тийин | so'm' | tiyin |
| Kazakh | сом | тиын | som | tiyn |
| Georgian | მანეთი | manati | ||
| Azerbaijani | манат | гəпик | manat | qəpik |
| Lithuanian | rublis | kapeika | — | — |
| Moldavian | рублэ | копейкэ | rublă | copeică |
| Latvian | rublis | kapeika | — | — |
| Kyrgyz | сом | тыйн | som | tyin |
| Tajik | сўм | sum | ||
| Armenian | ռուբլի | կոպեկ | roubli | kopek |
| Turkmen | манат | manat | ||
| Estonian | rubla | kopikas | — | — |
Note that the script for Uzbek, Azerbaijani, Moldavian, and Turkmen have switched from Cyrillic to Latin some time around the breakup of the Soviet Union.
Shortly after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, local currencies were introduced in the newly independent states. Most of the new economies were weak and hence all of the currencies have undergone significant reforms since launch that included change of names and denominations. For the details on individual currencies developments and current state of affairs please see the corresponding articles.
| Country | New currency |
Conversion rate from ruble |
Date introduced |
Further redenomination |
Will join euro |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Armenia | Dram | 200 | 22 November 1993 | No | No |
| Azerbaijan | Manat | 10 | 15 August 1992 | Yes | No |
| Belarus | Ruble | 10 | May, 1992 | Yes | No |
| Estonia | Kroon | 10 | 20 June 1992 | No | Yes |
| Georgia | Lari | 1 | 5 April 1993 | Yes | No |
| Kazakhstan | Tenge | 500 | 15 November 1993 | No | No |
| Kyrgyzstan | Som | 200 | 10 May 1993 | No | No |
| Latvia | Rublis | 1 | 7 May 1992 | Yes | Yes |
| Lithuania | Talonas | 1 | August, 1991 | Yes | Yes |
| Moldova, excl. Transnistria 1 | Cupon | 1 | 1992 | Yes | No |
| Transnistria | Ruble | 1 | 1994 | Yes | No |
| Tajikistan | Ruble | 100 | 10 May 1995 | Yes | No |
| Turkmenistan | Manat | 500 | 1 November 1993 | No | No |
| Ukraine | Karbovanets | 1 | 10 January 1992 | Yes | No |
| Uzbekistan | Som | 1 | 15 November 1993 | Yes | No |
- Transnistria is an internationally unrecognized country.
