Tianjin

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天津市
Tiānjīn Shì
Abbreviation: 津 (pinyin: Jīn)
Tianjin is highlighted on this map
Origin of name 天 tiān - heaven
津 jīn - river ford
"emperor's ford"
Administration type Municipality
CPC Tianjin Committee Secretary Zhang Gaoli 张高丽
Mayor Huang Xingguo 黄兴国
Area 11,920 km² (30th)
Population (2004)
 - Metropolitan area
 - Density		 10,240,000 (27th)
approx. 5 million
859/km² (3rd)
Elevation 10 m / 33 ft
GDP (2006)
 - per capita		 CNY 433.8 billion (21st, 6th in city rank)
CNY 40,961 (3rd)
HDI (2005) 0.855 (3rd) — high
Major nationalities (2000) Han - 97%
Hui - 2%
Manchu - 0.6%
City flower Chinese rose
(Rosa chinensis)
County-level divisions 18
Township-level divisions
(December 31, 2004)		 240
Postal code 300000 - 301900
Area code 22
Licence plate prefixes 津A, B, C, D
津E (taxis)
ISO 3166-2 CN-12
Official website:
www.tj.gov.cn (Simplified Chinese)

Tianjin (help·info) (Chinese: 天津; pinyin: Tiānjīn; Postal map spelling: Tientsin) is one of the four municipalities of China that are directly under the central government and have provincial-level status. Its urban area is the third largest in China, after Shanghai and Beijing.

Tianjin's urban area is located along the Hai He River. Its ports, some distance away, are located on Bohai Gulf in the Pacific Ocean. Tianjin Municipality borders Hebei province to the north, south, and west; the municipality of Beijing is to the northwest, and Bohai Gulf to the east.

Contents

See also: Concessions in Tianjin

The land where Tianjin lies today was created in historical times by sedimentation of various rivers entering the sea at Bohai Bay(渤海湾), including the Yellow River, which entered the sea in this area at one point.

The opening of the Grand Canal of China during the Sui Dynasty prompted the development of Tianjin into a trading center. Until 1404 Tianjin was called "Zhigu" (直沽), or "Straight Port". In that year, the Emperor Yongle（永乐） renamed the city "Tianjin", literally "Heaven Ford", to mean that the emperor (son of heaven) forded the river at that point. This is because he had indeed forded the river at Tianjin while on a campaign to wrest the throne from his nephew. A fort was established at Tianjin, known as "Tianjin Wei" (simplified Chinese: 天津卫; traditional Chinese: 天津衛; pinyin: Tiānjīnwèi), meaning "Fort Tianjin".

Tianjin was promoted to a prefecture in 1725. Tianjin County was established under the prefecture in 1731.

In 1856 Chinese soldiers boarded The Arrow, a Chinese-owned ship registered in Hong Kong flying the British flag and suspected of piracy, smuggling and of being engaged in the opium trade. They captured 12 men and imprisoned them. In response the British and French sent gunboats under the command of Admiral Sir Michael Seymour to capture the Taku forts （大沽炮台）near Tianjin in May 1858. At the end of the first part of the Second Opium War in June of the same year, the Treaties of Tianjin were signed, which opened Tianjin to foreign trade. The treaties were ratified by the Emperor of China in 1860, and Tianjin was formally opened to the outside world. Between 1895 and 1900 Britain and France were joined by the empires of Japan, Germany and Russia, and even by countries without other Chinese concessions such as Austria-Hungary, Italy and Belgium, in establishing self-contained concessions in Tianjin, each with its own prisons, schools, barracks and hospitals. For a map, see [1]

An Engraving depicting Tianjin in 1887.
An Engraving depicting Tianjin in 1887.

The presence of foreign influence in Tianjin was not always peaceful; one of the most serious violent incidents to take place was the Tianjin Church Incident (天津教案). In June 1870, Wanghailou Church (T: 望海樓教堂 / S: 望海楼教堂) in Tianjin, built by French missionaries one year earlier, was implicated in the kidnapping, death by neglect, and improper burial of Chinese children. It was said in the Chinese population that nuns were making preserves of children's eyes (it seems that the confusion came from jars of pickled small onions seen in the kitchen). On June 21, the magistrate of Tianjin County initiated a showdown at the church that developed into violent clashes between the church's Christian supporters and non-Christian Tianjin residents. The furious protestors eventually burned down Wanghailou Church and the nearby French consulate. After the incident, France and six other Western nations complained to the Qing government, which was forced to pay compensation for the incident.

In June 1900, the Boxers（义和团） were able to seize control of much of Tianjin. On June 26 belligerent European forces heading towards Beijing （北京）were stopped by Boxers at nearby Langfang（廊坊）, and were defeated and forced to turn back to Tianjin. The foreign concessions also came under siege for several weeks.

In July of 1900, the Eight Nation United Army attacked and occupied Tianjin. They soon established the Tianjin Provisional Government, comprised of representatives from each of the occupying forces (Russian, British, Japanese, German, French, American, Austro-Hungarian, and Italian). Tianjin was governed by this council until August 15, 1902 when the city was returned to Qing control. The well-known Qing general, Yuan Shikai（袁世凯）, headed efforts to remake Tianjin into a modern city.

Tianjin was established as a municipality of China（直辖市） in 1927.

On July 30, 1937, Tianjin fell to Japan, as part of the Second Sino-Japanese War, but not entirely occupied, respecting non-foe foreign concessions. During the occupation Tianjin was ruled by the North China Executive Committee, a puppet state based in Beijing. Japanese occupation lasted until August 15, 1945, the surrender of Japan marking the end of World War II.

Gate monument (paifang) extolling Confucius
Gate monument (paifang) extolling Confucius

After 1945, Tianjin became base to American forces. In December 1946, the rape of a Beiping （北平）(now Beijing（北京）) female university student by an American soldier, together with a series of rapes that had previously occurred in Tianjin, sparked protests in Tianjin that culminated in a demonstration on January 1, 1947 involving thousands of students. American troops pulled out of Tianjin in June 1947.

Communist forces took Tianjin on January 15, 1949, following a 29-hour long battle. After communist takeover, Tianjin remained a municipality of China（直辖市）, except between 1958 and 1967, when it was reduced to part and capital of Hebei province （河北省省会）. The Tangshan earthquake（唐山大地震） of 1976 killed 23,938 people in Tianjin and did heavy damage.

After China began to open up in the late 1970s, Tianjin has seen rapid development, though it is now lagging behind other important cities like Shanghai（上海）, Beijing（北京）, and Guangzhou（广州）. The city's current mayor is Dai Xianglong （戴相龙）.

Commercial area
Commercial area

Tianjin is at the northern end of the Grand Canal of China（大运河）, which connects with the Huang He （黄河）and Yangtze （长江）rivers.

Tianjin Municipality is generally flat, and swampy near the coast, but hilly in the far north, where the Yanshan Mountains （燕山）pass through the tip of northern Tianjin. The highest point in Tianjin is Jiushanding Peak on the northern border with Hebei, at an altitude of 1078 m.

The Hai He River（海河） forms within Tianjin Municipality at the confluence of the Ziya River（子牙河）, Daqing River（大清河）, Yongding River（永定河）, North Grand Canal, and South Grand Canal; and enters the Pacific Ocean at Tianjin Municipality as well, in Dagu District. Major reservoirs include the Beidagang Reservoir in the extreme south (in Dagang District) and the Yuqiao Reservoir in the extreme north (in Ji County).

The urban area of Tianjin is found in the south-central part of the Municipality. In addition to the main urban area of Tianjin proper, the coast along the Bohai is lined with a series of port towns, including Tanggu （塘沽）and Hangu（汉沽）.

Tianjin's climate is a monsoon-influenced humid continental climate (Koppen climate classification Dwa) characterized by hot, humid summers, due to the monsoon, and dry, cold winters, due to the Siberian anticyclone. Average highs in January and July are 36 degrees F (2C) and 87 degrees F (31C) respectively). Spring is windy but dry, and most of the precipitation takes place in July and August. Tianjin also experiences occasional spring sandstorms which blow in from the Gobi Desert and may last for several days.

Tianjin's Hexi Qu (district).
Tianjin's Hexi Qu (district).
Tianjin's Heping Qu (district)
Tianjin's Heping Qu (district)
Heping District
Heping District
Modern buildings in Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA)
Modern buildings in Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA)

Tianjin is divided into 18 county-level divisions, including 15 districts and 3 counties. Six of the districts govern the urban area of Tianjin:

Three of the districts govern towns and harbours along the seacoast:

Four of the districts govern satellite towns and rural areas close to the urban center:

Two of the districts as well as the three counties govern towns and rural areas further away from the urban center:

In addition, the Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA) is not a formal level of administration, but nevertheless enjoys rights similar to a regular district.

These districts and counties are further subdivided, as of December 31, 2004, into 240 township-level divisions, including 120 towns, 18 townships, 2 ethnic townships and 100 subdistricts.

List of the Secretaries of the CPC Tianjin Committee.

  1. Huang Kecheng (黄克诚): January 1949-June 1949
  2. Huang Jing (黄敬): June 1949-April 1953
  3. Huang Huoqing (黄火青): April 1953-June 1958
  4. Wan Xiaotang (万晓塘): June 1958-September 1966
  5. Xie Xuegong (解学恭): January 1967-June 1978
  6. Lin Hujia (林乎加): June 1978-October 1978
  7. Chen Weida (陈伟达): October 1978-October 1984
  8. Ni Zhifu (倪志福): October 1984-September 1987
  9. Li Ruihuan (李瑞环): September 1987-October 1989
  10. Tan Shaowen (谭绍文): October 1989-February 1993
  11. Nie Bichu (聂璧初): February 1993-March 1993
  12. Gao Dezhan (高德占): March 1993-August 1997
  13. Zhang Lichang (张立昌): August 1997-March 2007
  14. Zhang Gaoli (张高丽): March 2007- incumbent　　

List of Mayors:

  1. Huang Jing (黄敬): January 1949-August 1952
  2. Wu De (吴德): October 1952-January 1955
  3. Huang Huoqing: January 1955-June 1958
  4. Li Gengtao (李耕涛): June 1958-September 1963
  5. Hu Zhaoheng (胡昭衡): September 1963-1966
  6. Xie Xuegong (解学恭): December 1967-June 1978
  7. Lin Hujia (林乎加): June 1978-October 1978
  8. Chen Weida (陈伟达): October 1978-June 1980
  9. Hu Qili (胡启立): June 1980-April 1982
  10. Li Ruihuan: May 1982-November 1989
  11. Nie Bichu (聂璧初): November 1989-June 1993
  12. Zhang Lichang: June 1993-May 1998
  13. Li Shenglin (李盛霖): May 1998-December 2002
  14. Dai Xianglong (戴相龙): December 2002- December 2007
  15. Huang Xingguo (黄兴国): December 2007-incumbent

The nominal GDP for Tianjin was 433.8 billion yuan (US$54.4 billion) in 2006, a year-on-year increase of 14.4%. [3]

In 2006, per capita GDP was 40,961 yuan. The manufacturing sector was the largest (53.2%) and fastest-growing (19.8%) sector of Tianjin's economy. Urban disposable income per capita was 14,283 yuan, a real increase of 13% from the previous year. Rural pure income per capita was 7,942 yuan, a real increase of 13% from the previous year.

Farmland takes up about 40% of Tianjin Municipality's total area. Wheat, rice, and maize are the most important crops. Fishing is important along the coast. Tianjin is also an important industrial base. Major industries include petrochemical industries, textiles, car manufacturing, mechanical industries, and metalworking.

Tianjin Municipality also has deposits of about 1 billion tonnes of petroleum, with Dagang District containing important oilfields. Salt production is also important, with Changlu Yanqu being one of China's most important salt production areas. Geothermal energy is another resource of Tianjin. Deposits of manganese and boron under Tianjin were the first to be found in China.

EADS Airbus will be opening an assembly plant for its A320 series airliners, to be operational in 2009. AVIC I and AVIC II will be EADS' local partners for the site, to which subassemblies will be sent from plants around the world.[1]

At the end of 2004, the population of Tianjin Municipality was 10.24 million, of which 9.33 million were holders of Tianjin hukou (permanent residence). Among Tianjin permanent residents, 5.56 million were urban, and 3.76 million were rural. [4]

The majority of Tianjin residents are Han Chinese. Minorities include Hui, Koreans, Manchus, and Mongols.

Drum tower
Drum tower
Ethnic groups in Tianjin, 2000 census
Nationality Population Percentage
Han 9,581,775 97.29%
Hui 172,357 1.75%
Manchu 56,548 0.57%
Mongol 11,331 0.12%
Korean 11,041 0.11%
Zhuang 4055 0.041%
Tujia 3677 0.037%

Excludes members of the People's Liberation Army in active service.
Source: Department of Population, Social, Science and Technology Statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics of China (国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司) and Department of Economic Development of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission of China (国家民族事务委员会经济发展司), eds. Tabulation on Nationalities of 2000 Population Census of China (《2000年人口普查中国民族人口资料》). 2 vols. Beijing: Nationalities Publishing House (民族出版社), 2003. (ISBN )

Tianjin People's Broadcasting Station is the major radio station in Tianjin. Broadcasting in nine channels, it serves most of North China, part of East and Northeast China, reaching an audience of over 100 million.[5] (Chinese) Tianjin Television, the local television station, broadcasts in nine channels. It also boasts a paid digital channel, featuring home improvement programs.[6] (Chinese) Both the radio and television stations are now branches of the Tianjin Film, Radio and Television Group, established in October of 2002.[7] (Chinese)

Major local newspapers include the Tianjin Daily and Jin Wan Bao(literally, tonight newspaper), which are the flagship papers of Tianjin Daily Newspaper Group and Jinwan Mass Media Group, respectively.

Street of Tianjin
Street of Tianjin

People from urban Tianjin speak Tianjin dialect, which comes under the Mandarin subdivision of spoken Chinese. Despite its proximity to Beijing, Tianjin dialect sounds quite different from Beijing dialect, which provides the basis for Putonghua, official spoken language of the People's Republic of China.

Tianjin cuisine places a heavy focus on seafood, due to Tianjin's proximity to the sea. Prominent menus include the Eight Great Bowls (八大碗), a combination of eight mainly meat dishes. It can be further classified into several varieties, including the rough (粗), smooth (S: 细 / T: 細), and high (高). The Four Great Stews (四大扒) refers actually to a very large number of stews, including chicken, duck, seafood, beef, and mutton.

Tianjin also has several famous snack items. Goubuli (狗不理包子) is a traditional brand of baozi(包子) (steamed buns with filling) that is famous throughout China. Guifaxiang (S: 桂发祥麻花 / T: 桂發祥麻花) is a traditional brand of mahua (麻花)(twisted dough sticks). Erduoyan (耳朵眼炸糕) is a traditional brand of fried rice cakes.

Tianjin is a respected home base of Beijing opera, one of the most prestigious forms of Chinese opera.

Ma Sanli (马三立)(1914 - 2003), an ethnic Hui and longtime resident of Tianjin, is paramountly respected in China for his xiangsheng(相声), a hugely popular form of Chinese entertainment similar to stand-up comedy. Ma Sanli delivered some of his xiangsheng in the Tianjin dialect(天津话).

Yangliuqing (Green Willows), a town about 15 km west of Tianjin's urban area and the seat of Tianjin's Xiqing District, is famous for its popular Chinese New Year-themed, traditional-style, colourful wash paintings (杨柳青年画). Tianjin is also famous for Zhang's clay figurines (S: 泥人张 / T: 泥人張) which are a type of colourful figurine depicting a variety of vivid characters, and Tianjin's Wei's kites (S: 风筝魏 / T: 風箏魏), which can be folded to a fraction of their full sizes, are noted for portability.

People from Tianjin are stereotyped to be eloquent, humorous, open, and unfettered. There is a term for the stereotype of the always-eloquent and sometimes-humorous Tianjin native: wèizuǐzi (S: 卫嘴子 / T: 衛嘴子), which translates roughly as "the Tianjin mouth". This stereotype is perhaps partially the result of Ma Sanli's reputation (see "Culture" section above).

Translohr in Tianjin
Translohr in Tianjin
Tianjin North Railway Station
Tianjin North Railway Station
Main article: Transportation in Tianjin

The Tianjin Metro is currently under heavy expansion from 3 lines to 9 lines. 3 lines are currently operating both in the city and the Binhai New Area.

There are several railway stations in the city, Tianjin Railway Station being the principal one. It was built in 1888, initially, the station was located at Wangdaozhuang (S: 旺道庄 / T: 旺道莊). The station was later moved to Laolongtou (S: 老龙头 / T: 老龍頭) on the banks of the Hai He River in 1892, so the station was renamed Laolongtou Railway Station. The station was rebuilt from scratch in 1988. The rebuilding work began on April 15, 1987 and was finished on October 1, 1988. The Tianjin Railway Station is also locally called the 'East Station', due to its geographical position.

Tianjin West Railway Station and Tianjin North Railway Station are also major railway stations in Tianjin. There is also Tanggu Railway Station is located in the important port area of Tanggu District, and TEDA Railway Station located in TEDA, to the north of Tanggu. There are several other railway stations in the city.

Construction on a Beijing-Tianjin high-speed rail began on July 4, 2005, and is scheduled to be completed in 2007.

The following rail lines go through Tianjin:

Some spots in Tianjin, including roads and bridges, have names from Dr. Sun Yat-Sen's Three Principles of the People (for example, Minquan Gate on Zhonghuan Road). Names harkening back to the era of the Republic of China on the mainland also appear (e.g. Beiyang Road). Many roads in Tianjin are named after a Chinese province or city. Also, Tianjin is unlike Beijing, in that very few roads run parallel to the major four compass directions.

Tianjin has three ring roads. Unlike Beijing, the Inner and Middle Ring Roads are not closed, traffic-controlled roadways and some often have traffic light intersections. The Outer Ring Road is the closest thing to a highway-level ring road, although traffic is often chaotic and sometimes more than chaotic.

Tianjin's roads often finish in dao (道 avenue), xian (S: 线 / T: 線) line, more used for highways and through routes) and lu (路 road). Jie (街 street) is rare. As Tianjin's roads are rarely in a cardinal compass direction, jing (S: 经 / T: 經) roads and wei (S: 纬 / T: 緯) roads often appear, which attempt to run more directly north-south and east-west, respectively.

The following seven expressways of China run in or through Tianjin:

The following six China National Highways pass through Tianjin:

The expressways are sometimes closed due to dense fog particularly in the Autumn and Spring.

v • d • e
Roads and Expressways of Tianjin
Ring Roads Inner Ring Road · Middle Ring Road · Outer Ring Road
Expressways Jingjintang Expressway · Jinghu Expressway · Jingshen Expressway · Tangjin Expressway · Baojin Expressway · Jinbin Expressway · Jinji Expressway
China National Highways G102 · G103 · G104 · G105 · G112 · G205

Tianjin Binhai International Airport (ZBTJ) is located to the east of the urban area, in Dongli District.

The Tianjin tram network was awarded to a Belgian company in 1904 and opened in 1906. It was the first city-wide tramway system in China. There were 402 bus lines in the city as of 2004. [8](Chinese)

Construction work on the Tianjin Metro started on July 4, 1970. It was the second metro to be built in China and commenced service in 1984. The total length of track is 7.4 kilometers. The metro service was suspended on October 9, 2001 and is currently being rebuilt. This new metro will be called "Tianjin Metro Line 1". It is scheduled to be finished in the later half of 2005. The track will be extended to 26.188 kilometers and there will be a total of 22 stations. Previously, there were 8 stations. Several new metro lines are planned. Construction work on Line 2 and Line 3 will begin in late 2004.

There is also a light railway line in the city, the Binhai Mass Transit line. The line runs between downtown Tianjin and TEDA (Tianjin Economic Development Area) in the seaside region. The eastern part of the line began service on March 28, 2004. The western part of the line is scheduled to be completed in 2006.

A Mazu Temple in Tianjin
A Mazu Temple in Tianjin
Gulou Shopping Street and Drum Tower
Gulou Shopping Street and Drum Tower
Entrance to Ancient Culture Street
Entrance to Ancient Culture Street

Sights within the Tianjin urban area include:

Sights outside the Tianjin urban area, but within the municipality, include:

Sports teams based in Tianjin include:

Chinese Football Association Super League

China Baseball Association

Under the national Ministry of Education:

Under the national Civil Aviation Authority:

Tianjin Foreign Language University
Tianjin Foreign Language University

Under the municipal government:

Foreign institutions:

Note: Institutions without full-time bachelor programs are not listed.

Tianjin No. 42 High School, part of the Hexi District
Tianjin No. 42 High School, part of the Hexi District

City Country Sister city since:
Kobe Japan June 24, 1973
Philadelphia United States February 10, 1980
Greenville United States
Flag of Israel Rishon LeZion Israel
Melbourne Australia May 5, 1980
Yokkaichi Japan October 28, 1980
Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina May 28, 1981
Nord-Pas de Calais France October 10, 1984
Milan Italy May 9, 1985
Groningen Netherlands September 12, 1985
Chiba Japan May 7, 1986
Kutaisi Georgia
Plovdiv Region Bulgaria October 15, 1989
İzmir Turkey September 23, 1991
Abidjan Côte d'Ivoire September 26, 1992
Ulaanbaatar Mongolia September 27, 1992
Kharkiv Ukraine June 14, 1993
Jönköping Sweden September 23, 1993
Incheon South Korea December 7, 1993
Łódź Poland October 1, 1994
Rio de Janeiro State Brazil April 18, 1995
Amazonas State Brazil October 20, 1997
Haiphong Vietnam January 8, 1999
Turku Finland August 17, 2000
Nampo North Korea August 11, 2002
Clarencewhich one? United States November 10, 2001

At 39°07.5′N, 117°11.7′E, the previous total solar eclipse was solar eclipse of 1277-Oct-28 occurred on October 28, 1277, the next total solar eclipse will be solar eclipse of 2187-Jul-06 occurring on July 6, 2187.

Total solar eclipses from 1001 to 3000 are:

  • 1277-Oct-28 13:21 CST
  • 2187-Jul-06 17:13 CST
  • 2415-Apr-10 10:49 CST
  • 2636-May-27 05:09 CST
  • 2762-Aug-12 09:43 CST

Annular solar eclipses from 1001 to 3000 are:

  • 1189-Feb-17 11:37 CST
  • 1292-Jan-21 13:30 CST
  • 1665-Jan-16 16:42 CST
  • 1802-Aug-28 15:48 CST
  • 2118-Mar-22 15:33 CST
  • 2439-Jun-12 07:52 CST
  • 2686-Sep-10 07:12 CST
  • 2739-Apr-30 08:41 CST
  • 2894-Dec-18 14:38 CST

Wikisource has an article about solar eclipses as seen from Tianjin from 2001 to 3000.

  1. ^ "Airbus signs framework agreement with Chinese consortium on A320 Final Assembly Line in China." EADS Airbus official press release. October 26, 2006.


Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Ruth Rogaski. Hygienic Modernity: Meanings of Health and Disease in Treaty-Port China. University of California Press, 2004.

v • d • e
Tianjin Municipality of China
History • Politics • Economy • Transportation
Districts Heping • Hexi • Hebei • Nankai • Hedong • Hongqiao • Tanggu • Hangu • Dagang • Jinnan • Dongli • Xiqing • Beichen • Baodi • Wuqing
Tianjin in China
Counties Ji County • Jinghai • Ninghe
See also: Township-level divisions of Tianjin
v • d • e
Province-level divisions of the People's Republic of China
Provinces Anhui · Fujian · Gansu · Guangdong · Guizhou · Hainan · Hebei · Heilongjiang · Henan · Hubei · Hunan · Jiangsu · Jiangxi · Jilin · Liaoning · Qinghai · Shaanxi · Shandong · Shanxi · Sichuan · Taiwan1 · Yunnan · Zhejiang Flag of the People's Republic of China
Autonomous regions Guangxi · Inner Mongolia · Ningxia · Tibet · Xinjiang
Municipalities Beijing · Chongqing · Shanghai · Tianjin
Special administrative regions Hong Kong · Macau
1 Taiwan is claimed by the PRC but administered by the Republic of China.
v • d • e
50 largest cities of China by population

Chongqing · Shanghai · Beijing · Tianjin · Chengdu · Wuhan · Harbin · Shenzhen · Nanjing · Qingdao · Shenyang · Hong Kong · Changchun · Zhengzhou · Guangzhou · Kunming · Dalian · Taiyuan · Fuzhou · Hangzhou · Fushun · Jinan · Ningbo · Xiamen · Suzhou · Hefei · Nanchang · Lanzhou · Hohhot · Guiyang · Urumqi · Taipei · Xining · ? · ? · ? · ? · ? · ? · ? · ? · ? · ? · ? · ? · ? · ?
 v • d • e Major cities of Greater China
Flag of the People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China		 Direct-controlled municipalities Beijing · Chongqing · Shanghai · Tianjin
Sub-provincial cities Changchun · Chengdu · Dalian · Guangzhou · Hangzhou  · Jinan · Harbin · Nanjing · Ningbo · Qingdao · Shenyang · Shenzhen · Wuhan · Xi'an · Xiamen
Provincial capitals (not included above) Changsha · Fuzhou · Guiyang · Haikou · Hefei · Hohhot · Kunming · Lanzhou · Lhasa · Nanchang · Nanning · Shijiazhuang · Taiyuan · Ürümqi · Xining · Yinchuan · Zhengzhou
Special administrative regions Hong Kong · Macau
Flag of the Republic of China (Taiwan)
Republic of China (Taiwan)		 Direct-controlled municipalities Kaohsiung · Taipei
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